M Theory is a theory developed by Stephen Hawking about the possibility that the universe can exist together in a space-time of 11 or fewer dimensions and that there may be many similar universes in this space-time. M theory unifies all string theories and states that our universe consists of three space dimensions, one time dimension and six smaller space dimensions. Here, particles are seen not as a string but as a membrane. It is thought that membranes also contract in different dimensions. If we examine string theory; if we assume the fourth dimension as time, these six spatial dimensions would have very interesting properties.
For example, what would happen if humanity counted time as the fourth dimension?
The 5th dimension allows us to travel between parallel universes that are on the same coordinates. The 6th dimension would allow us to travel in these universes at any time, regardless of time. The 7th dimension would allow us to travel to any possible world, regardless of its coordinates. The 8th dimension would allow us to travel to any place and any time in any possible world. The 9th dimension would allow us to compare the histories of all possible universes with different physical laws and initial conditions. When we reach the 10th and final dimension, we would be at the point where everything is possible and everything imaginable has come true.
So why can't we see these dimensions and where are these dimensions?
Researchers explain this situation as follows;
“For example, let’s consider a very long rope tied between two mountains. We are sitting 1 km away from the rope and we know that there is an ant walking on the rope. Because of the great distance, the rope appears to have only a width in a one-dimensional line and its length cannot be understood. If we were asked for the coordinates of this ant on the rope, we could give the distance between where the ant is and where the rope ends. Even though we cannot see it from a kilometer away, we know that the rope is actually thick. When we get a pair of binoculars, we can also observe the second and third dimensions of the rope.
The same goes for the six spatial dimensions in our universe. They are indistinguishable from the other three dimensions, even though they are on a very small scale. These extra dimensions are called the Calabi-Yau manifold. We cannot observe them. They are on a very small scale called the Planck scale, and we cannot see such small scales.”
What is Supersymmetry?
It is an extension of the standard model that aims to fill in the gaps and deficiencies between the basic building blocks of matter in the standard model. If supersymmetry is a symmetry of nature, then there must be superpartners of each type of elementary particle in nature that have not yet been discovered. The particles that make up matter, namely fermions, and the particles that carry the fundamental forces in nature, namely bosons, are found everywhere in the universe. If we look at the supersymmetry principle, each of the ferminions and bosons has a superpartner that has not yet been discovered.
To date, M-Theory has had difficulty producing predictions that can be tested with experiments. Scientists aim to find clearer answers with Supersymmetry. The Supersymmetry extension is currently being tested at the Large Hadron Collider. If scientists can find evidence of superparties, it will strengthen M-Theory.
The greatest physicists and cosmologists have struggled to find a beautiful, simple description of the world that could explain everything. We wouldn't have that chance without the sharp and creative minds of people like Hawking.
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